Toxicologists: Have We Been Honest with the Public?

I-36: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is now considered routine in IVF laboratories with micromanipulation capability and access to genetic diagnostic services. The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of PGD, the number of cycles performed, and the indications for which PGD has been used. This increase has been mirrored by a slow, but steady, increase in the range o...

We Have Always Been . . . Cyborgs

philosophy of mathematics suited well the ‘‘general emphasisin later nineteenth-century mathematics on revisiting foundationalquestions’’ (p. 61). Pure geometry as it emerged from Frege, Paschand Hilbert, provided a diagram-free, purely sentential notion ofproof, which has lasted unto our own day.In the second, and greater, part of the book, Greaves traces outthe interre...

true prevalence of shigellosis in indian children with acute gastroenteritis: have we been missing the diagnosis?

background : shigella is responsible for high morbidity and mortality among children, yet its true prevalence remains inconclusive. the aim of this study was to determine the actual prevalence of shigella infection in childhood diarrhea and dysentery cases and assess the applicability of ipah gene pcr in indian settings. methods : this study was conducted at maulana azad medical college and ass...

Where we have been, where we are going.

Osteoarthritis: what we have been missing in the patellofemoral joint.

Patellofemoral osteoarthritis is common clinically and often independent of tibiofemoral disease. Intriguingly, the patella demonstrates more severe degeneration earlier in the disease process compared with the juxtaposed femoral groove. Here, we consider three hypotheses influencing this disparity and thus discover crucial insights into the etiology of osteoarthritis.